This document provides a historical perspective and current status report on how Chicago waterways system has evolved as a primary vector for aquatic invasive species between the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins. Although the main focus is on the threat of Asian carp invading the Great Lakes, there is also discussion on the interbasin exchange of all aquatic invasive species. The policy developments and underlying solutions to the problem with a specific focus on permanent separation of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins are also addressed.